Since March 1986, China has been taking steps to implement the State High-Tech Research and Development Plan, sometimes referred to as the ¡°863 Plan,¡± the first intermediate- and long-term plan combining military and civilian production in China. The major task of this plan is to develop, on a large scale, biology, space, information, laser, automation, energy, new materials and oceanology technology in an organized and planned way. Since the implementation of this plan, China has gradually perfected a high-tech research and development strategy in conformity with the Chinese situation.
The ¡°Spark Program¡±-Formally implemented in 1986, the major task of the ¡°Spark Program¡± is to rejuvenate the rural economy by relying on science and technology, popularize advanced and applicable scientific and technological findings in the rural areas and lead the township enterprises to develop in a healthy way. This plan places great stress on the industries closely related to people's livelihood. The resources advantages of the rural areas are turned into economic advantages by utilizing science and technology. The demonstration projects promote the development of crop cultivation, animal husbandry, aquaculture and the processing of agricultural and sideline products. A large number of vegetable, fruit, poultry and eggs, and aquatic product bases have been established, and advanced breeding and cultivation techniques have been popularized. This plan has not only aroused the farmers' enthusiasm for production, but also enriched the urban dwellers' "vegetable baskets¡± and ¡°rice bags.¡± The ¡°Spark Program¡± has also made efforts to relieve poverty in rural areas. It has organized demonstrations of scientific and technical projects in ten typical mountain areas, and comprehensively developed and utilized resources to tackle the problems of food and clothing of the local people.

The ¡°Torch Program¡± -In 1988, China launched the ¡°Torch Program,¡± which is intended to put results of research in new and advanced technology into use in production. Since the implementation of the program, nearly 100 service centers to help people start businesses have been set up in 53 state-level new and advanced technology development zones. In 1997, the State Science Commission approved the establishment of the first group of such state-level centers. These so-called ¡°incubator¡± institutes have played an important role in accelerating the transfer of results of research in new and advanced technology into production, and fostering new and advanced technology enterprises and entrepreneurs.

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