Also, it has taken a big step forward in the reform of the recruitment and employment systems of college graduates. In 1997, all the institutions of higher learningin China carried out the ¡°combination of two categories¡± reform, that is, the students to be recruited were no longer divided into two categories¡ªstate planning and the regulatory planning¡ªbut all belonged to the same category and had to pay tuition fees. Schools provide loans for students who cannot afford to pay the tuition. In respect of the employment of recent college graduates, with the improvement of the labor and personnel systems, the work units and schools meet to coordinate supply and demand, and exercise a ¡°two-way choice,¡± wherein work units may select their own employees and graduates may choose their employers. In addition, the state is to gradually carry out a system wherein college graduates may choose their employers under the guidance of state policies, with the exception of those students who are pre-assigned to specific posts or areas, who enjoy pre-assignment grants or special grants and are to be employed according to the contracts.
Postgraduate education is making unprecedented strides. Before 1949, China's high-grade specialists were mainly trained in foreign countries, the scale of domestic postgraduate education was very small, as a handful of higher-education schools enrolled a limited number of graduates and granted about 200 master's degrees altogether throughout all the pre-Liberation period, and no doctorates were offered. After 1978, China's educational and scientific undertakings developed in an all-round way, and postgraduate education gradually entered a new stage of vigorous development. In 1978, some 63,000 people entered for graduate admission examinations, and 10,000 were recruited. In 1998, a total of 8,957 students received doctorates, and 38,051 master's degrees. The total number of graduate students expected to be enrolled for post-graduate studies in 2000 is about 120,000 -- an increase of 30 percent compared with the figure for 1999. Among the total number, the part in the state plan is an increase of 20 percent. This is the largest expansion of enrollment of graduate students for more than a decade.

Today, China has managed to establish a postgraduate education system fundamentally comprehending all disciplines and an academic degree system wherein the quality of the training can be guaranteed. This has promoted the fostering and growth of high-grade specialized talents, and given an impetus to scientific research and discipline development in institutions of higher education and scientific research.

While admitting foreign students, China also send students to study abroad every year. In 1998, China received 43,084 students from 164 countries and the students it sent to study abroad exceeded the 23,000-mark

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