protest in Beijing, the culmination of a series of student-led pro-democracy demonstrations in China. The events leading up to the Tiananmen Square protest began with the death of Hu Yaobang, a former general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), in April 1989. Hu had become a hero to Chinese liberals after he refused to halt unrest in January 1987. Following Hu's death, students began peaceful memorial demonstrations in Shanghai, Beijing, and other cities. The memorial escalated into a prodemocracy movement, with protesters demanding the removal of China's paramount leader Deng Xiaoping and other Communist officials. The government's order to end the demonstrations on April 20 was ignored. On May 4, approximately 100,000 students and workers marched in Beijing demanding democratic reforms. On May 20 the government declared martial law, however the demonstrations continued while the government wavered between the leadership of Premier Li Peng and CCP General Secretary Zhao Ziyang. Eventually choosing the hard-line approach of Li Peng, with the support of Deng, the government ordered troops to Tiananmen Square. On June 3 and 4, 1989, the People's Liberation Army brutally crushed prodemocracy supporters, killing hundreds of supporters, injuring another 10,000, and arresting hundreds of students and workers. Following the violence, the government conducted widespread arrests, summary trials, and executions; banned the foreign press; and strictly controlled the Chinese press. Although the government had quelled similar protests since the mid-1980s, the extremely violent suppression of the Tiananmen Square protest caused widespread international condemnation of the Chinese government.
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