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　　 Regional Autonomy for Minority Peoples
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Dance of Hani ethnic group
Equality, unity, mutual help and common prosperity are the basic principles of the Chinese government in handling the relations between ethnic groups. The Constitution of the PRC specifies that all ethnic groups are equal. The state guarantees the lawful rights and interests of the minority peoples. Discrimination against or oppression of any ethnic group is prohibited; all acts that undermine the unity of the ethnic groups or create splittism among them are forbidden. Big-ethnic group chauvinism, mainly Han-chauvinism, or chauvinism on a local level, is banned. Every ethnic group has the freedom to use its own spoken and written languages, and to retain or change its customs.
In accordance with these basic policies, China practices a system whereby national minorities exercise regional autonomy. where national minorities live in compact communities autonomous organs of self-government are established under the unified leadership of the Central Government. The minority people shall exercise autonomous rights, be masters in their own areas and administer the internal affairs of their ethnic group. The National Minority Regional Autonomy Law adopted in 1984 by the Second.
Miao girls in their
holiday best.
Session of the Sixth National People¡¯s Congress provides specific guidelines for guaranteeing that the constitutionally decreed national minority regional autonomy system is carried out. In addition to five autonomous regions (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, founded on May 1, 1947; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, founded on October 1, 1955; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, founded on March 5, 1958; Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, founded on October 25, 1958; and Tibet Autonomous Region, founded on September 9, 1965), China currently has 30 autonomous prefectures and 120 autonomous counties (or, in some cases, ¡°banners¡±), in addition to more than 1,300 ethnic townships. Self-government in autonomous national minority areas is effected through the people¡¯s congress and people¡¯s government at the particular local level. The chairperson or vice-chairperson of the standing committee of the people¡¯s congress and the head of the government of an autonomous region, autonomous prefecture or autonomous county should be from the area¡¯s designated
Dong girls.
minority people.Organs of self-government in regional autonomous areas enjoy extensive self-government rights beyond those held by other state organs at the same level. These include enacting regulations on autonomy and special regulations corresponding to local political, economic and cultural conditions, having independent control of the local revenue, and independently arranging and managing construction, education, science, culture, public health and other local undertakings. The Central Government has greatly assisted in the training of minority cadres and technicians through the establishment of national minority universities (colleges) and national minority cadre schools to supplement regular colleges and universities. It has, in addition, supplied the national minority autonomous areas with large quantities of financial aid and material resources in order to promote their economic and cultural development.
China's Ethnic Minority Population and Distribution
(Date of the Fourth National Census, July 1, 1990)
EthnicGroup
Population(100,000)
Major Areas of Distribution
Mongol
48.024
Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Liaoning,Jilin,Heilongjiang,Gansu,Hebei,
Henan,Qinghai
Hui
86.120
Ninxia,Gansu,Henan,Hebei,Qinghai,Shandong,Yunnan,Xinjiang,Anhui,
Liaoning,Heilongjiang,Jilin,Shaanxi,Beijing,Tianjin
Tibetan
45.931
Tibet,Qinghai,Sichuan,Gansu,Yunnan
Uygur
72.070
Xinjiang
Miao
73.836
Guizhou,Hunan,Yunnan,Guangxi,Sichuan,Hainan,Hubei
Yi
65.785
Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizhou,Guangxi
Zhuang
155.558
Guangxi,Yunnan,Guangdong,Guizhou
Bouyei
25.483
Guizhou
Korean
19.234
Jilin,Liaoning,Heilongjiang
Manchu
98.468
Liaoning,Jilin,Heilongjiang,Hebei,Beijing,InnerMongolia
Dong
25.086
Guizhou,Hunan,Guangxi
Yao
21.370
Guangxi,Hunan,Yunnan,Guangdong,Guizhou
Bai
15.981
Yunnan,Guizhou
Tujia
57.250
Hunan,Hubei
Hani
12.548
Yunnan
Kazak
11.108
Xinjiang,Gansu,Qinghai
Dai
10.254
Yunnan
Li
11.125
Hainan
Lisu
5.746
Yunnan,Sichuan
Va
3.520
Yunnan
She
6.347
Fujian,Zhejiang,Jiangxi,Guangdong
Gaoshan
0.029
Taiwan,Fujian
Lahu
4.115
Yunnan
Shui
3.471
Guizhou,Guangxi
Dongxiang
3.737
Gansu,Xinjiang
Naxi
2.778
Yunnan,Sichuan
Jingpo
1.193
Yunnan
Kirgiz
1.435
Xinjiang,Heilongjiang
Tu
1.926
Qinghai,Gansu
Daur
1.215
Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,Xinjiang
Mulam
1.606
Guangxi
Qiang
1.983
Sichuan
Blang
0.824
Yunnan
Salar
0.875
Qinghai,Gansu
Maonan
0.724
Guangxi
Gelo
4.382
Guizhou,Guangxi
Xibe
1.729
Xinjiang,Liaoning,Jilin
Achang
0.277
Yunnan
Pumi
0.297
Yunnan
Tajik
0.332
Xinjiang
Nu
0.272
Yunnan
Ozbek
0.148
Xinjiang
Russian
0.135
Xinjiang
Ewenki
0.264
Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang
Deang
0.155
Yunnan
Bonan
0.117
Gansu
Yugur
0.123
Gansu
Jing
0.187
Guangxi
Tatar
0.051
Xinjiang
Drung
0.058
Yunnan
Oroqen
0.070
Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang
Hezhen
0.043
Heilongjiang
Moinba
0.075
Tibet
Lhoba
0.023
Tibet
Jino
0.180
Yunnan
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